Martinique (in Martinican Creole, Matinik or Matnik; formerly known as Iguanacaera or Jouanacaera—the “island of iguanas”—in the Carib language, or Mantinino in the Hispaniolan Carib language) is a French island located in the Caribbean Sea, specifically within the Lesser Antilles archipelago. Martinique is a single territorial collectivity of the French Republic, with this territorial collectivity replacing both the department and the region. The territorial collectivity of Martinique is also an outermost region of the European Union.

It is an associate member of CARICOM, the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), the Association of Caribbean States (ACS), and the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). Since 2021, its entire land and marine territory has been designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. In September 2023, the volcanoes and forests of Mount Pelée, as well as the Pitons of northern Martinique—particularly the Pitons du Carbet—were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.